A short slender pole used to position and hold a pile in the leads.
French: pince levier à riper
Hanging Leads
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Swinging Leads, Pendulum Leads.
Grit
Angular, rough, hard particles of sand, gravel or crushed stone in a loose form.
French: sable grossier
Groin, Groyne
1. A structure built out from, perpendicular to or making an angle with the shoreline. Generally built of pressure treated close timber piling, sheet piling driven between guide wales and piles, or horizontal courses of plank held between vertical timber
French: en épi
Ground Freezing
A method of freezing the ground in order to provide temporary excavation support and prevent groundwater from entering into the excavation. Pore water in the soil is frozen by cooling the ground by circulating a refrigerant (usually calcium chloride brin
ground level
French: niveau du sol
German: Geländehöhe
Spanish: nivel del suelo
Italian: livello del terreno
Portuguese: nivel do solo
Dutch: maaiveld,
Ground Modification
Variety of methods of improving weak soils. See dynamic compaction, chemical grouting, jet grouting, compaction grouting, deep soil mixing, vibro-compaction.
ground surface
French: surface du terrain naturel
German: Geländeoberfläche
Spanish: superficie del terreno natural
Italian: superficie del terreno
Portuguese: superficie do terreno natural
Dutch: maaiveld,
Ground Vibration
Seismic waves created by transmission of energy through the into the earth. The resulting ground motion is characterized by four main parameters; displacement, velocity, acceleration, and frequency.
groundwater
Water present in saturated soils.
French: eau souterraine/nappe souterraine
German: Grundwasser
Spanish: agua subterranea
Italian: acqua di falda
Portuguese: água subterrânea, aquífero, nivel freático
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