Glossary

Frost heave refers to the vertical soil movement which occurs in freezing temperatures as ice layers or lenses form within the freezing soil and caused the soil mass to expand. See also Frost Action, and Heave.

French: gonflement dû au gel

German: Frosthebung

Spanish: entumecimiento por la helada

Italian: sollevamento per gelo

Portuguese: empolamento devido ao gelo

Dutch: opvriezen

Soil in which significant ice-segregation will occur, resulting in frost heave or heaving pressures, when requisite moisture and freezing conditions exist.

A graphical method used to study the hypothetical flow of water through a soil. It is utilized to indicate the paths of travel followed by moving water and the hydraulic pressures resulting from such water flow.

French: réseau de lignes de courant

German: Stromliniennetz

Spanish: red de filtración

Italian: rete di flusso

Portuguese: rede de percolação

Dutch: grondwater net

Cementitious low strength, self-leveling, low viscosity material used to backfill in areas where it would otherwise be difficult to place and compact normal soil backfill. Compressive strength of material is generally lower than 300 psi to allow for futur

The path of travel traced by moving water as it flows through a soil mass.

French: ligne d'écoulement/ligne de coulée

Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of a hammer to drive a pile. Also called Motive Flluid.

French: énergie hydraulique

An admixture used in augered, cast-in-place pile grout that promotes flowability, reduces water requirements, reduces bleeding and segregation, can increase strength and provides expansion in the plastic state. Is usually specified by quoting ASTM C 937

A hard, fine, pozzolanic residue from coal combustion often used as an admixture in concrete.

French: cendres volantes

German: Flugasche

Spanish: ceniza volante

Italian: ceneri volanti

Portuguese: cinza volante

Dutch: vliegas

1. A pile hammer held by a crane line, without leads and used to drive a supported pile. Also called free-hanging hammer, swinging hammer or wild hammer. 2. Vibratory hammers operate in this manner. See Sketches, Appendix B.

French: marteau mobile

French: foliation

German: Schieferung

Spanish: foliación

Italian: fogliazione

Portuguese: foliação

Dutch: foliatie (bij gesteente)