Glossary

Former designation for H-pile; now called HP.

1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane’s rotating upper housing, and used to position or incline the leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used

French: cadre, étai, entretoise, étançon

German: aussteifen, Steife

Spanish: riostra

Italian: sostegno, puntello

Portuguese: escora

Dutch: stempelen

An inclined pile connected to a structure in such a way as to resist lateral forces.

French: fouille étayée

German: ausgesteifte Baugrube

Spanish: excavación entibada

Italian: scavo contrastato (con puntelli)

Portuguese: escavação entivada

Dutch: gestempelde ontgraving

A system of horizontal and/or inclined structural members fastened to the piles of a bent, group or row to increase stability by resisting or distributing lateral forces to the structure. Bracing is used extensively in trenches and sheet-pile cofferdams

French: étayage, cadrage, blindage

German: Aussteifung

Spanish: arriostramiento

Italian: puntellamento

Portuguese: entivação

Dutch: stempel

A vertical steel pile with a horizontal steel beam welded near the top of the pile. These piles are typically used in underpinning applications.

French: charge de rupture

German: Bruchspannung

Spanish: tensión de rotura

Italian: tensione di rottura

Portuguese: tensão de rotura

Dutch: breukspanning

A wall built against a bank of earth or rock to prevent it from falling. See also Rip Rap – Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion.

French: parapet/mur d'appui/épaulement

German: Brüstung, Stützmauer

Italian: muro di sostegno

Portuguese: muro de suporte

Dutch: keermuur

The separation of fibers at the butt or tip of a wood pile caused generally by excessive or improper driving, or timber of unsuitable quality. Can be controlled through the use of a pile banding ring, driving cap with cushion blocks and a metal shoe for

French: crevage de piliers

One form of segregation in concrete. A process that occurs in plastic-state concrete after placing – Bleeding involves rising up of excess water in the concrete mix to the top surface of the concrete. Excessive bleeding can cause high permeability and hig

French: ressuage/ségrégation