Glossary

1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural member used in bracing. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms Appendix B.

Abbreviation for Architect/Engineer or vice versa.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

American Concrete Institute.

See Augered, Cast-in-Place Pile

Structural steel fabrication or iron casting placed in a pile helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called filler or insert.

The adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the freezing of soil water. Also referred to as "frost grip."

The nearest piles to a given pile or location

The International Association of Foundation Drilling - Formerly the Association of Drilled Shaft Contractors

Water bound to soil particles because of the attraction between electrical charges existing on soil particle surface and (dipole) water molecules.

Trade name for a tapered steel unit for connecting pipe piles by driven friction.

Soil mainly composed of silt-sized particles of wind blown deposits. See also Loess, which is aeolian soil.

ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations. Engineering Organization consisted of ten national professional engineering organisation from ten ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries

Colloquial term for driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the crane. Same as Negative Batter. See also Inclined Pile

American General Contractors Association

The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as both air intake and air exhaust ports.

Impact pile driver powered by compressed air or steam; action of machine may be single, double, differential or compound.

Device for lifting slurry, suspended solids and drill cuttings from the bottom of a bentonite or polymer slurry-filled excavation for a trench, coffer dam cell or drilled shaft. Usually, compressed air is introduced into the slurry at the bottom of the excavation via a small pipe inside a larger pipe. The upward airflow inside the larger pipe reduces slurry density. The higher density of the surrounding slurry causes an upward flow inside the larger pipe that tends to lift material from the bottom of the excavation.

Device use to control internal pressure of Pneumatic caissons.

The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as air intake and exhaust ports.

The maximum load permitted, considering structural strength, bearing capacity, horizontal movement, code requirements, or measured settlement in a load test.

A sedimentary soil deposit that has been transported by water.

Mechanical device used to transfer load (tension or compression) from a superstructure to supporting soil/rock

1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached . See also Deadman. 2. Piles constructed near test pile to anchor jacking beam (See also Reaction Pile).

A part fitted to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the hammer in the leads. Also called Side Guides, Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws, Ways.

Value used in soil analysis approximately equal to the angle formed by a naturally occurring pile of cohesionless soil.

An irregular response or unexpected signals detected by non-destructive testing.

1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block). 2. Steel plate on top of cushion material in drive cap which impact block strikes. Also called Anvil Block, Penny, Striker Plate or Top Plate. See Sketches in Appendix A.

American Petroleum Institute.

A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural member used in bracing.

A soil layer that carrries water.

The amount by which water pressure in an aquifer that causes water to rise above the normal groundwater table or the ground surface.

Subsurface water with sufficient pressure (head) to raise the water in a well or pipe above the normal groundwater table or ground surface.

American Society of Civil Engineers.

American Society of Foundation Engineers.

American Society for Testing and Materials.

A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion.

A type of diesel fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.